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- Spaced repetition: People retain information better when they practice retrieval over spaced intervals. These intervals can be increasingly spread out over time. (http://www.few.vu.nl/~vbr240/publications/Scriptie.pdf)
- Interleaving: Interleaving and varied practice help us better assess context and discriminate between problems, selecting and applying the correct solution from a range of possibilities. Note: The order of interleaved topics needs to be shuffled) (Rohrer, D. (2012). Interleaving helps students distinguish among similar concepts. Educational Psychology Review, 24, 355-367.)
- Retrieval Practice: During focused, effortful recall, learning is made pliable again. The most salient aspects become clearer and the consequent reconsolidation helps reinforce meaning, strengthen connections to prior knowledge, bolster cues and retrieval routes, and weaken competing routes. The more difficult it is to retrieve the knowledge, the more you get out of the practice. (https://www.kent.edu/CAS/Psychology/resources/cml/upload/Pyc-Rawson-2009-JML-pdf.pdf; https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0098628314549701)
- Generative Learning: Trying to come up with an answer, even before a solution has been presented. Leads to better learning and stronger retention, even if the answer is wrong. (https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-1-4419-1428-6_171)
- Elaboration: The process of finding additional layers of meaning in the material. Connect it to other ideas, expand on it, create metaphors. (Make it Stick - Peter Brown,Henry Roediger,Mark McDaniel)